ITEM 11 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risks
Interest Rate Risk
Our main interest rate exposure relates to bank borrowings. In addition, one tranche of our unsecured senior notes bear interest at three-month
LIBOR plus 0.520% per annum. We also have interest-bearing assets, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash. We manage our interest rate exposure with a focus on
reducing our overall cost of debt and exposure to changes in interest rates. From time to time, we use derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, to manage our interest rate exposure. Approximately 63%
of the aggregate principal amount of our bank borrowings and unsecured senior notes was at fixed rates, and the remaining 37% was at floating rates as March 31, 2017.
As
of March 31, 2016 and 2017, if interest rates increased/decreased by 1%, with all other variables having remained constant, and assuming the amount outstanding at
March 31, 2016, 2017, respectively, under our bank borrowings and the tranche of our unsecured senior notes that bear floating interest was outstanding for the entire respective fiscal years,
profit attributable to equity owners of our company would have been RMB1,089 million and RMB1,165 million (US$169 million) higher/lower, respectively, mainly as a result of
higher/lower interest income from our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign currency risk arises from future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities and net investments in foreign operations.
Although we operate businesses in different countries, most of our revenue-generating transactions, and a majority of our expense-related transactions, are denominated in Renminbi, which is the
functional currency of our major operating subsidiaries and the reporting currency of our financial statements. From time to time, we enter into hedging activities with regard to exchange
rate risk.
The
value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions and the
foreign exchange policy adopted by the PRC government. For instance, in August 2015, the PBOC changed the way it calculates the mid-point price of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar,
requiring the market-makers who submit for reference rates to consider the previous day's closing spot rate, foreign-exchange demand and supply as well as changes in major currency rates. In 2015 and
2016, the value of the Renminbi depreciated approximately 4.4% and 7.2% against the U.S. dollar, respectively. From the end of 2016 through the end of May 2017, the value of the Renminbi
appreciated slightly by approximately 1.9% against the U.S. dollar. There remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt a more flexible currency policy, which could
result in greater fluctuations of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange
rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.
To
the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would reduce the Renminbi amount
we receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or ADSs, servicing our
outstanding debts, or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would reduce the U.S. dollar amounts available to us.
As
of March 31, 2016, we had Renminbi-denominated cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of RMB82,302 million and U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash
equivalents of US$4,359 million. Assuming we had converted RMB82,302 million into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of RMB6.448 for US$1.00 as of
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March 31,
2016, our total U.S. dollar cash balance would have been US$17,123 million. If the Renminbi had depreciated by 10% against the U.S. dollar, our U.S. dollar
cash balance would have been US$15,963 million.
As
of March 31, 2017, we had Renminbi-denominated cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of RMB83,467 million and U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash
equivalents of US$8,811 million. Assuming we had converted RMB83,467 million into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of RMB6.8832 for US$1.00 as of March 31, 2017,
our total U.S. dollar cash balance would have been US$20,937 million. If the Renminbi had depreciated by 10% against the U.S. dollar, our U.S. dollar cash balance would
have been US$19,835 million.
Market Price Risk
We are exposed to market price risk primarily with respect to investment securities, to a lesser extent interest rate swaps and forward exchange
contracts, held by us which are reported at fair value. A substantial portion of our investment in equity investees are all held for long-term appreciation or for strategic purposes. All of these are
accounted for under cost or equity method and not subject to market price risk. We are not exposed to commodity price risk.
The
sensitivity analysis is determined based on the exposure of financial assets at fair value to market price risks related to equity and debt securities at the end of each reporting
period. The securities we hold are accounted for as convertible and exchangeable bonds, trading securities or available-for-sale securities. Their changes in fair values are recorded as income for
convertible and exchangeable bonds and trading securities or through equity for available-for-sale securities, respectively. If market prices of the respective instruments held by us had been 1%
higher/lower as of March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2017, our investment securities would have been approximately RMB228 million and RMB234 million (US$34 million)
higher/lower, respectively, of which RMB56 million and RMB2 million relating to trading securities and investment securities accounted for under the fair value option would be recognized
as income or loss during the respective period.